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Good Friday

April 18, 2025

Today’s Invitation

Today, we invite you to explore the lessons of justice and suffering in today’s readings; engage the theology of Black spirituals with the help of womanist theology; and   embody these teachings with the assistance of African American spirituals such as “Were You There” and Pope Francis’s teaching on the death penalty.


Good Friday


Reading 1

Isaiah 52:13 — 53:12

You will prosper, my servant,
you will be raised up and highly exalted.
Even as the crowds were appalled after seeing you —
you were so disfigured as to no longer look human —
so will the crowds be amazed at you,
and rulers will stand speechless before you;
for they will see something never told
and witness something never heard,
“Who would believe what we have heard?
To whom has the might of YHWH been revealed?”
You grew up like a sapling before us,
like a root in parched soil.
There was no beauty in you, we saw you without esteem;
there was nothing to attract us.
You were rejected and despised by all;
you know suffering, and you are acquainted with sorrow.

People avoided your gaze;
we held you in low esteem.
Yet you bore our infirmities
and carried our suffering.
We thought you were being punished,
struck by YHWH, and brought low.
But you were pierced for our offenses,
crushed for our sins;
upon you lies a chastening which brings us wholeness,
and through your wounds we are healed.

All of us, like sheep, have gone astray:
each of us goes our own way.
But God laid upon you
the guilt of us all.
Though treated harshly, you bore it humbly
and never opened your mouth.
You were like a lamb led to slaughter, or a sheep before shearers:
you were silent and never opened your mouth.
Taken by force and condemned,
who would ever have foreseen your destiny?
You were taken from the land of the living,
and fatally struck down for the sin of the people.
You were buried with the wicked
and entombed with the rich,
though you had done no wrong,
and deceit was not found in your mouth.
But YHWH was satisfied to crush you and put you to grief:
if you give your life as an atonement for sin
you will see your descendants,
you will prolong your days,
and the will of YHWH will prevail through you.
Through your suffering,
you will see contentment and light.
By your knowledge, my Righteous One, my servant,
you will justify many
by taking their guilt upon yourself.
Therefore, I will grant you a reward among the great,
and you will divide the spoils with the mighty;
for you surrendered yourself to death
and allowed yourself to be counted among the wicked,
while you were taking away the sins of

Responsorial Psalm

Psalm 31

Response: Abba-God! I place my life in Your hands.

In You, Adonai, I take shelter, / never let me be disgraced.
In Your righteousness deliver me,
Into Your hands I commit my spirit,/ You have redeemed me, Adonai.
R: Abba-God! I place my life in Your hands.

To every one of my oppressors I am contemptible, / loathsome to my neighbors,
To my friends, a thing of fear. / Those who see me in the street hurry past me;
I am forgotten, / as good as dead in the hearts, something discarded.
R: Abba-God! I place my life in Your hands.

But I put my trust in You, Adonai; / I say, “You are my God.”
My days are in Your hands; / rescue me from the hands of my enemies and persecutors.
R: Abba-God! I place my life in Your hands.

Let Your face smile on Your faithful one, / save me in Your love. Be strong, let your heart be
bold, / all you who hope in Our God!
R: Abba-God! I place my life in Your hands.

Reading 2

4:14-16;5:7-9

Since, then, we have a great high priest who has passed through the heavens — Jesus, the Firstborn of God — let us hold fast to our profession of faith. For we do not have a high priest who is unable to sympathize with our weaknesses, but one who was tempted in every way that we are, yet never sinned. So let us confidently approach the throne of grace to receive mercy and favor, and find help in time of need.

In the days when he was in the flesh, Jesus offered prayers and supplications with loud cries and tears to God, who was able to save him from death, and Jesus was heard because of his reverence. Firstborn though he was, Jesus learned to obey through suffering. But having been made perfect, Jesus became, for all who obey, the source of eternal salvation.

Gospel

John 18:1 — 19:42

NARRATOR: After Jesus prayed for the disciples, he left with them and crossed the Kidron Valley. There was a garden there, and Jesus and the disciples entered it. Judas, the traitor, knew the place well, because Jesus often met there with his disciples. Judas led the Roman cohort to the place, along with some Temple guards sent by the chief priests and Pharisees. All were armed and carried lanterns and torches. Then Jesus, aware of everything that was going to take place, stepped forward and said to them:

JESUS: Who are you looking for?

SPEAKER ONE: Are you Jesus of Nazareth?

JESUS: I am.

NARRATOR: Now Judas, the traitor, was with them. When Jesus said, “I am,” they all drew back and fell to the ground. Again, Jesus asked them:

JESUS: Who are you looking for?

SPEAKER ONE: Jesus of Nazareth.

JESUS: I have already told you that I am the one you want. If I am the one you are looking for, let the others go.

NARRATOR: This was to fulfill what he had spoken: “Of those you gave me, I have not lost a single one.” Simon Peter, who had a sword, drew it and struck the high priest’s attendant, cutting off his right ear. The name of the attendant was Malchus. Jesus said to Peter:

JESUS: Put your sword back in its sheath. Am I not to drink the cup Abba God has
given me?

NARRATOR: Then the cohort and its captain and the Temple guards seized and bound Jesus. They took him first to Annas. Annas was the father-in-law of Caiaphas, who was high priest that year. It was Caiaphas who had advised the Temple authorities that it was better to have one person die on behalf of the people. Simon Peter and the other disciple followed Jesus. This disciple, who was known to the high priest, entered his courtyard with Jesus, while Peter hung back at the gate. So the disciple known to the high priest went back and spoke to the doorkeeper, and brought Peter inside. The doorkeeper said:

SPEAKER TWO: Are you not one of this guy’s followers?

PETER: No, I am not.

NARRATOR: Now the night was cold, so the attendants and guards had lit a charcoal fire and were warming themselves. Peter also was with them as well, keeping warm. The high priest questioned Jesus about his disciples and his teachings. Jesus answered:

JESUS: I have spoken publicly to everyone; I have always taught in synagogues and in the Temple area where the whole Jewish people congregates. I have said nothing in secret. So why do you question me? Ask those who have heard me. Ask them what I said to them — they know what I said.

NARRATOR: When Jesus said this, one of the guards standing by slapped him and said:

SPEAKER ONE: Is this how you answer the high priest?

JESUS: If I have said anything wrong, point it out; but if I am right in what I said, why do you strike me?

NARRATOR: Then Annas sent him, still shackled, to Caiaphas the high priest. Meanwhile, Simon Peter was still standing there and warming himself. Others asked him:

SPEAKER TWO: Are you not one of his disciples?

PETER: I am not.

NARRATOR: One of the attendants of the high priest, a relative of the attendant whose ear Peter had severed, spoke up:

SPEAKER TWO: Did I not see you in the garden with him?

NARRATOR: Again, Peter denied it. At that moment a rooster crowed. At daybreak, they led Jesus from the house of Caiaphas to the Praetorium. The Temple authorities did not enter the Praetorium, for they would have become ritually unclean and unable to eat the Passover Seder. So Pilate went out to them and asked:

PILATE: What charges do you bring against this person?

PILATE: Take him yourselves, and judge him by your own Law.

SPEAKER THREE: We do not have the power to put anyone to death.

NARRATOR: This was to fulfill what Jesus had said about the way he was going to die. Pilate reentered the Praetorium and summoned Jesus:

PILATE: Are you the King of the Jews?

JESUS: Do you say this of your own accord, or have others told you about me?

PILATE: Am I Jewish? It is your own people and the chief priests who hand you over to me. What have you done?

JESUS: My realm is not of this world; if it belonged to this world, my people would have fought to keep me out of the hands of the Temple authorities. No, my realm is not of this world.

PILATE: So you are a King?

JESUS: You say I am a king. I was born and came into the world for one purpose — to bear witness to the truth. Everyone who seeks the truth hears my voice.

PILATE: Truth? What is truth?

NARRATOR: With that, Pilate went outside and spoke to the people:

PILATE: I find no guilt in him. But, according to your custom, I always release prisoner at the Passover. Do you want me to release the ‘King of the Jews’?

NARRATOR: They answered:

ALL: Not him. We want Barabbas!!

NARRATOR: Barabbas was a robber. So Pilate ordered that Jesus be flogged. Then the soldiers wove a crown out of thorns and put it on his head, and dressed him in a purple robe. They went up to him repeatedly and said:

SPEAKER ONE: All hail the King of the Jews!

NARRATOR: And they struck him in the face. Pilate came outside once more and said to the crowd:

PILATE: Look, I will bring him out here to make you understand that I find no guilt in him.

NARRATOR: So Jesus came out wearing the purple robe and the crown of thorns, and Pilate said:

PILATE: Look upon the one you accuse!

NARRATOR: When the chief priests and the Temple guards saw Jesus, they shouted:

ALL: Crucify him. Crucify him!

PILATE: Do it yourself. I find no reason to condemn him.

SPEAKER THREE: We have a law that says he ought to die because he claimed to be the Only Begotten of God.

NARRATOR: When Pilate heard this, he was even more afraid. He went back into the
Praetorium and asked Jesus:

PILATE: Where do you come from?
NARRATOR: Jesus did not answer.

PILATE: You refuse to speak? Bear in mind that I have the power to release you — and the power to crucify you.

JESUS: You would have no authority over me unless it had been given to you by
God. Therefore, the person who handed me over to you has the greater sin.

NARRATOR: Upon hearing this, Pilate sought to set Jesus free. But the crowd shouted:

ALL: If you set him free, you are no friend of Caesar. Anyone who claims to be a king defies Caesar.

NARRATOR: Hearing these words, Pilate took Jesus outside and seated himself on the judge’s seat at the place called the Pavement — “Gabbatha,” in Hebrew. Now it was almost noon on Preparation Day for the Passover. Pilate said to the people:

PILATE: Here is your king!

ALL: Take him away! Take him away! Crucify him.

PILATE: Do you want me to crucify your
king?
SPEAKER THREE: We have no king but
Caesar!
NARRATOR: Then Pilate handed Jesus
over to them to be crucified.
So they took Jesus, carrying his own cross,
to what is called the Place of the Skull —
in Hebrew, “Golgotha.” There they crucified
him, along with two others, one on either
side of Jesus.
Pilate wrote a notice and had it put on the
cross; it read: “Jesus of Nazareth, King of
the Jews.” The notice, in Hebrew, Greek and
Latin, was read by many people, because the

place where Jesus was crucified was near
the city. The chief priests said to Pilate:
SPEAKER THREE: Do not write, “King
of the Jews,” but, “This one said, I am King
of the Jews.”
PILATE: I have written what I have written.
NARRATOR: After the soldiers had
crucified Jesus, they took his clothing and
divided it into four pieces, one piece for
each soldier. They also took the seamless
robe. The soldiers said to one another:
SPEAKER ONE: Let us not tear it. We
can throw dice to see who will get it.
NARRATOR: This happened in order to
fulfill the scripture, “They divided my
garments among themselves, and for my
clothing, they cast lots.” And this is what
they did.
Standing close to Jesus’ cross were his
mother; his mother’s sister, Mary, the wife of
Clopas; and Mary of Magdala. When Jesus
saw his mother and the disciple whom he
loved standing there, he said to his mother:
JESUS: Here is your son.
NARRATOR: Then he said to his disciple:
JESUS: Here is your mother.
NARRATOR: From that moment, the
disciple took her into his household After
this, Jesus knew that now all was completed,
and to fulfill scripture perfectly, he said:
JESUS: I am thirsty.
NARRATOR: There was a jar of cheap
wine nearby, so they put a sponge soaked in
the wine on a hyssop stick and raised it to
his lips. Jesus took the wine and said:
JESUS: It is finished.

(continued)

62 Inclusive Lectionary – Cycle C

GOOD FRIDAY — continued

NARRATOR: Then he bowed his head
and gave up his spirit.
(All kneel for a moment in prayer)
NARRATOR: Since it was Preparation
Day, the Temple authorities asked Pilate to
let them to break the legs of those crucified,
and take their bodies from the crosses. They
requested this to prevent the bodies
remaining on the cross during the Sabbath,
since that particular Sabbath was a solemn
feast day.
So the soldiers came and broke the legs of
the first one and then the other who had
been crucified with Jesus. But when they
came to Jesus, they found that he was
already dead, so they did not break his
legs. One of the soldiers, however, pierced
Jesus’ side with a lance, and immediately
blood and water poured out.
This testimony has been given by an
eyewitness whose word is reliable; the
witness knows that this testimony is the
truth, so that you will believe.

These things were done to fulfill the
scripture, “Not one of his bones will be
broken.” And again, another scripture
says, “They will look on the one whom
they have pierced.”
After this, Joseph of Arimathea, a disciple of
Jesus — but a secret one, for fear of the

Temple authorities — asked Pilate for permis-
sion to remove the body of Jesus, and Pilate

granted it.
So Joseph came and took it away.
Nicodemus came as well — the same one
who had first come to Jesus by night — and
he brought about one hundred pounds of
spices, a mixture of myrrh and aloes. They
took the body of Jesus and wrapped it with
the spices in linen cloths, according to the
Jewish burial custom.
There was a garden in the place where Jesus
had been crucified, and in the garden was a
new tomb where no one had ever been
buried. Since it was the day before the
Sabbath and the tomb was nearby, they
buried Jesus there.


The Inclusive Lectionary © 2022 FutureChurch. All rights reserved. 

The inclusive language psalms:
Leach, Maureen, O.S.F. and Schreck, Nancy, O.S.F., Psalms Anew: A Non-sexist Edition
(Dubuque, IA: The Sisters of St. Francis, 1984).
Used with permission.

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Explore

Justice and Suffering on Good Friday


The Good Friday lectionary readings prompt me, as a lawyer, to reflect on suffering in the context of a court case.

The first reading comes from Isaiah, a prophetic text where God indicts Israel and the nation for their sins (Chapters 1-39) and defends God’s righteousness amid suffering (Chapters 40-66). The lectionary reading from Isaiah’s latter half conveys hope and comfort to Israel during its Babylonian exile. 

The reading is the last of Isaiah’s four “Servant Songs,” which describe the witness of God’s עֶ֫בֶד (or “eved”), meaning slave or bondservant, in this lawsuit defending God’s righteousness. I prefer to translate “eved” as a slave because it helps us avoid any connotations of the servant as a butler or maid in a mansion. The first song (42:1-9) explains that God will bring justice to the world through the humble, Spirit-filled slave. The second song (49:1-13) names exiled Israel as God’s chosen slave and also announces the promise of Israel’s comfort and restoration. The third song (50:4-11) praises the slave’s resilience with divine help during difficult times. Finally, the fourth song (Isaiah 52:13-53:12) describes how the innocent slave’s rejection, suffering, and death will vindicate others. While Jewish biblical scholars insist that the fourth song envisions historical and eternal Israel’s collective suffering, Jesus’s earliest Jewish followers and today’s Church connect the imagery of the suffering slave to Jesus’s crucifixion. The epistle and Gospel readings help us understand how early Christians connected Jesus’s crucifixion to Isaiah’s prophetic message of hope and comfort in this cosmic trial about God’s righteousness.

In Hebrews, we hear the confession that Jesus is God’s Son, yet he can “sympathize with our weakness” because he “has similarly been tested in every way, yet without sin” (4:14-15). This confession articulates how sin differentiates our suffering from Jesus’s Passion. Everyone, except Jesus, has sinned or fallen short of God’s glory (Romans 3:23). As God’s Son, Jesus Christ elevates human suffering to the level of divine suffering. While acknowledging the seriousness of sin, Hebrews recognizes the connection between all human and divine suffering in Jesus. Instead of divine abandonment, the Cross witnesses to divine accompaniment in the suffering.

John’s gospel further helps us contemplate divine suffering. At Christmas Mass during the Day, Catholics hear a reading from the first chapter of John’s Gospel: “And the Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us, and we saw his glory, the glory as of the Father’s only Son, full of grace and truth” (John 1:14). On Good Friday, we return to John’s Gospel to witness the glory of God in divine suffering. The lectionary’s composers did not create this connection. As John Baldovin points out in “The Gospel of John has been used to justify anti-Semitism—so we should stop reading it on Good Friday,” the practice of reading John on Good Friday originated from the historical tradition of reading Matthew’s Passion on Palm Sunday, Mark on Holy Monday, Luke on Holy Tuesday, and John on Good Friday. Nevertheless, John’s Gospel highlights how God has a transcendent plan for suffering. Jesus’s incarnation and crucifixion bear witness to God’s radical solidarity with human living, suffering, and dying.

The solidarity of Jesus Christ and the Body of Christ in the Holy Spirit manifests God’s righteousness amid suffering. “Solidarity finds concrete expression in service, which can take a variety of forms in an effort to care for others,” says Pope Francis (Fratelli tutti, para 115). Solidarity as service means caring for the vulnerable by setting aside our desires and the pursuit of power to acknowledge their presence, sense their closeness, and even suffer alongside them to assist them. “Service is never ideological,” says Pope Francis, “for we do not serve ideas; we serve people” (para. 115).

During mass, we joyfully profess in the Nicene Creed our belief in the solidarity of God the Father, Jesus Christ, our brother, the Holy Spirit, our loving Companion, and the Church, our mother. After these professions, we confess our need for mercy before a righteous God. We must be baptized in Christ and receive the Holy Spirit for forgiveness. We need God’s help in a sinful world to look forward to the resurrection of the dead and the life to come.

Dr. Byron Wratee


Dr. Byron D. Wratee is an Assistant Professor of Spirituality and Theology at Villanova University. Born and raised in Kingstree, South Carolina, a rural town in the Gullah-Geechee corridor, Dr. Wratee worked as a musician, lawyer, political activist, and soldier before becoming a theologian.
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Engage Catholic Social Teaching

Racial Justice

How can we look forward to everlasting life? Like the writers of Isaiah, enslaved Black folks received the spirituals as prophetic songs about God’s suffering slaves. In The Spirituals and Blues, James Cone explains how Black sacred music transcends mere artistic expression to embody the religious perspective of a people striving for freedom in Jesus Christ. When enslaved Black people contemplated suffering, they did not view it abstractly or universally. For example, in the spiritual “Were You There,” Black Christians express how contemplating Jesus’s Passion causes them to “tremble” with mystical awareness of Jesus’ solidarity with their suffering. For Black Christians, contemplating Jesus’s historical crucifixion in song makes it feel like a living reality.

However, many feminist and womanist theologians urge us to examine how we think about Jesus’s cross.  Presbyterian theologian Delores S. Williams cautions us not to glamorize Jesus’ suffering in ways that encourage people, especially marginalized people, to accept suffering and death as God’s will for our lives. God did not crucify Jesus or enslave Africans; the Romans and Europeans did, respectively. Williams argues that, like Jesus, women, especially Black women, develop survival strategies to improve the quality of life during suffering. I like to think of spirituals as a type of survival theology created by enslaved Black Christian women to make sense of Jesus’s cross and their suffering.

How did Jesus approach the death-dealing ways of the Roman crucifixion? According to enslaved Black Christians, “They crucified my Lord, and he never said a mumbalin’ word. Not a word, not a word, not a word.” These Christians perhaps connected the gospels with 1 Peter, which encourages Christians to imitate Jesus’s response to suffering. Jesus did not return insults for insults or retaliate. Instead, when Judas and others handed Jesus over to Pilate for capital punishment, he “entrusted himself up to the One who judges justly” (1 Peter 2:23).

Jesus taught his disciples to anticipate a resurrected life and a new world by obeying God. “Obey” comes from the Latin word meaning “to give an ear” or “to listen.” When Simon Peter cut off the ear of the high priest’s slave Malchus (meaning “king”), Jesus instructed him to put away his sword (John 18:11). Later, during his trial before Pilate, Jesus defends his royal status and describes his Kingdom as otherworldly, for if it were of this world, his servants would fight to prevent his death (John 18:36). When others harm us, we often rush to judgment like Peter, punishing them in ways that obscure their actual status before God. Malchus is a king, and Jesus is king. Jesus modeled obedience to God through non-violent responses to suffering, teaching us to do the same in times of hardship.

Engage

A Contemplative Exercise


We build a spiritual determination to end the death penalty by seeing it as a form of human suffering directly tied to divine suffering. As a spiritual practice of solidarity, contemplate a deceased person’s capital punishment while listening to “Were You There.” 

During the pandemic, I sang an acapella version of the spiritual for a virtual chapel service at Emory University’s Candler School of Theology. 

A Witness

Pope Francis

On August 2, 2018, Pope Francis formally changed the official Catholic Church teaching on the death penalty by revising the official Catechism of the Catholic Church to oppose capital punishment. Through increasing awareness of every person’s dignity, the foundation of all Catholic social teachings, the Church must now witness to the world that no one loses their dignity.

You can find a list of upcoming executions at the Death Penalty Information Center’s website.


Embody